Absensi Berbasis RFID-RC522 dan NodeMCU

Tulisan ini adalah menbahas pemanfaatan RFID-RC522 dan NodeMCU untuk proses scan absensi berbasis RFID yang mana data akan dicatat di cloud dengan server berbasis PHP.

Gambar 1. Sensor RFID-RC522 dan RFID Card

Pin pada RFID-RC522

Pin pada NodeMCU

Sehingga interfacing antara sensor RFID-RCC522 dan NodeMCU dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:

pin SDA ke D2
pin SCK ke D5
pin MOSI ke D7
pin MISO ke D6
pin IRQ diabaikan
pin GND ke GND
pin RST ke D4
pin VCC ke 3V3

Script Sketch:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

#include "MFRC522.h"

const char* ssid     = "ssid wifi anda";

const char* password = "password wifi anda";

String url = "http://172.21.12.105/absensi.php?uid=";

#define RST_PIN D4

#define SS_PIN  D2

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);   // Create MFRC522 instance

boolean reconnect() {

  digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  int retry = 51;

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

    if (retry > 50) {

      Serial.println("");

      Serial.printf("Trying connect to %s", ssid);

      retry = 0;

    }

    delay(500);

    Serial.print(".");

    retry++;

  }

  Serial.println("");

  Serial.println("WiFi connected");

  Serial.print("IP address: ");

  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  digitalWrite(D0, LOW);

}

String logToServer(unsigned long cardUID) {

  Serial.printf("Send Request to %s%u\n", url.c_str(), cardUID);

  HTTPClient http;

  http.begin(url + cardUID); //HTTP

  int httpCode = http.GET();

  if (httpCode > 0) {

    Serial.printf("[HTTP] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);

    if (httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK) {

      String payload = http.getString();

      Serial.println(payload);

      if (payload == "Ok!") {

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

          digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);

          digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);

          delay(100);

          digitalWrite(D0, LOW);

          digitalWrite(D1, LOW);

          delay(100);

        }

      }

    }

  } else {

    Serial.printf("[HTTP] GET... failed, error: %s\n", http.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());

  }

  http.end();

}

void setup() {

  pinMode(D0, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(D1, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("");

  delay(1000);

  reconnect();

  SPI.begin();        // Init SPI bus

  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card

  //If you set Antenna Gain to Max it will increase reading distance

  mfrc522.PCD_SetAntennaGain(mfrc522.RxGain_max);

}

unsigned long getCardUID() {

  if ( !mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { //Since a PICC placed get Serial and continue

    return -1;

  }

  unsigned long hex_num;

  hex_num =  mfrc522.uid.uidByte[0] << 24;

  hex_num += mfrc522.uid.uidByte[1] << 16;

  hex_num += mfrc522.uid.uidByte[2] <<  8;

  hex_num += mfrc522.uid.uidByte[3];

  mfrc522.PICC_HaltA(); // Stop reading

  return hex_num;

}

int wait = 51;

void loop() {

  if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

    reconnect();

  if (wait > 50) {

    Serial.println("");

    Serial.print("Wait for new Card");

    wait = 0;

  }

  Serial.print(".");

  wait++;

  if (wait % 2 == 0)

    digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);

  else

    digitalWrite(D0, LOW);

  // Look for new cards

  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {

    delay(100);

    return;

  }

  unsigned long cardUID = getCardUID();

  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

    digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);

    delay(100);

    digitalWrite(D0, LOW);

    delay(100);

  }

  if (cardUID == -1) {

    Serial.println("Failed to get UID");

    return;

  }

  Serial.printf("\nCard UID is %u\n", cardUID);

  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

    digitalWrite(D1, HIGH);

    delay(250);

    digitalWrite(D1, LOW);

    delay(250);

  }

  logToServer(cardUID);

  wait = 51;

}

Script PHP:

<?php

//Save string to log, use FILE_APPEND to append.

$info = date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . ';' . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] . ';' . $_GET['uid'] . ';';

file_put_contents("./log/log_" . date('Ymd') . ".txt", $info . md5($info) . PHP_EOL, FILE_APPEND | LOCK_EX);

echo "Ok!";

?>

Interfacing RFID-RC522 Sensor dengan Wemos D1 mini pro

FRID-RC522 Sensor adalah contacless reader/writer yang mendukung semua varian dari MIFARE Mini, baik protokol identifikasi MIFARE 1K maupun MIFARE 4K, MIFRARE Ultralight, MIFARE DESFire EV1 dan MIFARE Plus RF. Berikut ini adalah gambar sensor yang dimaksud.

Adapun Pin Dengan Pin sebagai berikut:

Adapun Pin pada Wemos D1 mini pro adalah sebagai berikut:

Sehingga Interfacing antara RFID-RC522 dengan Wemos D1 mini pro adalah:

pin SDA ke D2
pin SCK ke D5
pin MOSI ke D7
pin MISO ke D6
pin IRQ diabaikan
pin GND ke GND
pin RST ke D4
pin VCC ke 3V3

Setelah melakukan interfacing, maka kini saatnya untuk mempersiapkan lingkungan pengembangan dengan mendownload Arduino RFID Library for MFRC522 yang dapat didownload pada link, setelah download, maka pada sketch pilih menu :

Browse dan Add file rfid-master.zip

Copy dan Paste koding berikut ini yang saya peroleh dari internet, dan telah saya modifikasi (saya tandai warna merah)

#include "MFRC522.h"
#define RST_PIN D4  // RST-PIN ke D4
#define SS_PIN  D2  // SDA-PIN ke D2

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);   // Create MFRC522 instance
MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communications
  while (!Serial);    // Do nothing until serial port is opened
  SPI.begin();        // Init SPI bus
  mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card

  // Prepare the key (used both as key A and as key B)
  // using FFFFFFFFFFFFh which is the default at chip delivery from the factory
  for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    key.keyByte[i] = 0xFF;
  }

  Serial.println(F("Scan a MIFARE Classic PICC to demonstrate read and write."));
  Serial.print(F("Using key (for A and B):"));
 
  dump_byte_array(key.keyByte, MFRC522::MF_KEY_SIZE);
 
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println(F("BEWARE: Data will be written to the PICC, in sector #1"));
}

/**
   Main loop.
*/
void loop() {
  // Look for new cards
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
    return;

  // Select one of the cards
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
    return;

  // Show some details of the PICC (that is: the tag/card)
  Serial.print(F("Card UID:"));
  dump_byte_array(mfrc522.uid.uidByte, mfrc522.uid.size);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print(F("PICC type: "));
  MFRC522::PICC_Type piccType = mfrc522.PICC_GetType(mfrc522.uid.sak);
  Serial.println(mfrc522.PICC_GetTypeName(piccType));

  // Check for compatibility
  if (    piccType != MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_MINI
          &&  piccType != MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_1K
          &&  piccType != MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_4K) {
    Serial.println(F("This sample only works with MIFARE Classic cards."));
    return;
  }

  // In this sample we use the second sector,
  // that is: sector #1, covering block #4 up to and including block #7
  byte sector         = 1;
  byte blockAddr      = 4;
  byte dataBlock[]    = {
    0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, //  1,  2,   3,  4,
    0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, //  5,  6,   7,  8,
    0x08, 0x09, 0xff, 0x0b, //  9, 10, 255, 12,
    0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f  // 13, 14,  15, 16
  };
  byte trailerBlock   = 7;
  MFRC522::StatusCode status;
  byte buffer[18];
  byte size = sizeof(buffer);

  // Authenticate using key A
  Serial.println(F("Authenticating using key A..."));
  status = (MFRC522::StatusCode) mfrc522.PCD_Authenticate(MFRC522::PICC_CMD_MF_AUTH_KEY_A, trailerBlock, &key, &(mfrc522.uid));
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print(F("PCD_Authenticate() failed: "));
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
    return;
  }

  // Show the whole sector as it currently is
  Serial.println(F("Current data in sector:"));
  mfrc522.PICC_DumpMifareClassicSectorToSerial(&(mfrc522.uid), &key, sector);
  Serial.println();

  // Read data from the block
  Serial.print(F("Reading data from block ")); Serial.print(blockAddr);
  Serial.println(F(" ..."));
  status = (MFRC522::StatusCode) mfrc522.MIFARE_Read(blockAddr, buffer, &size);
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print(F("MIFARE_Read() failed: "));
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
  }
  Serial.print(F("Data in block ")); Serial.print(blockAddr); Serial.println(F(":"));
  dump_byte_array(buffer, 16); Serial.println();
  Serial.println();

  // Authenticate using key B
  Serial.println(F("Authenticating again using key B..."));
  status = (MFRC522::StatusCode) mfrc522.PCD_Authenticate(MFRC522::PICC_CMD_MF_AUTH_KEY_B, trailerBlock, &key, &(mfrc522.uid));
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print(F("PCD_Authenticate() failed: "));
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
    return;
  }

  // Write data to the block
  Serial.print(F("Writing data into block ")); Serial.print(blockAddr);
  Serial.println(F(" ..."));
  dump_byte_array(dataBlock, 16); Serial.println();
  status = (MFRC522::StatusCode) mfrc522.MIFARE_Write(blockAddr, dataBlock, 16);
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print(F("MIFARE_Write() failed: "));
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
  }
  Serial.println();

  // Read data from the block (again, should now be what we have written)
  Serial.print(F("Reading data from block ")); Serial.print(blockAddr);
  Serial.println(F(" ..."));
  status = (MFRC522::StatusCode) mfrc522.MIFARE_Read(blockAddr, buffer, &size);
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print(F("MIFARE_Read() failed: "));
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
  }
  Serial.print(F("Data in block ")); Serial.print(blockAddr); Serial.println(F(":"));
  dump_byte_array(buffer, 16); Serial.println();

  // Check that data in block is what we have written
  // by counting the number of bytes that are equal
  Serial.println(F("Checking result..."));
  byte count = 0;
  for (byte i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    // Compare buffer (= what we've read) with dataBlock (= what we've written)
    if (buffer[i] == dataBlock[i])
      count++;
  }
  Serial.print(F("Number of bytes that match = ")); Serial.println(count);
  if (count == 16) {
    Serial.println(F("Success :-)"));
  } else {
    Serial.println(F("Failure, no match :-("));
    Serial.println(F("  perhaps the write didn't work properly..."));
  }
  Serial.println();

  // Dump the sector data
  Serial.println(F("Current data in sector:"));

  for (int sectorcount=0; sectorcount < 16; sectorcount++) {
    mfrc522.PICC_DumpMifareClassicSectorToSerial(&(mfrc522.uid), &key, sectorcount);
    Serial.println();
  }

  // Halt PICC
  mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
  // Stop encryption on PCD
  mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1();
}

/**
   Helper routine to dump a byte array as hex values to Serial.
*/
void dump_byte_array(byte *buffer, byte bufferSize) {
  for (byte i = 0; i < bufferSize; i++) {
    Serial.print(buffer[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
    Serial.print(buffer[i], HEX);
  }
}

Hasil pengujian:

Aktifkan serial monitor:

 

Scan a MIFARE Classic PICC to demonstrate read and write.
Using key (for A and B): FF FF FF FF FF FF
BEWARE: Data will be written to the PICC, in sector #1
Card UID: 46 74 1E 2B
PICC type: MIFARE 1KB
Authenticating using key A...
Current data in sector:
   1      7   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
          6   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          5   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          4   01 02 03 04  05 06 07 08  08 09 FF 0B  0C 0D 0E 0F  [ 0 0 0 ]

Reading data from block 4 ...
Data in block 4:
 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 09 FF 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F

Authenticating again using key B...
Writing data into block 4 ...
 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 09 FF 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F

Reading data from block 4 ...
Data in block 4:
 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 09 FF 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F
Checking result...
Number of bytes that match = 16
Success :-)

Current data in sector:
   0      3   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
          2   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          1   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          0   46 74 1E 2B  07 08 04 00  62 63 64 65  66 67 68 69  [ 0 0 0 ]

   1      7   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
          6   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          5   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          4   01 02 03 04  05 06 07 08  08 09 FF 0B  0C 0D 0E 0F  [ 0 0 0 ]

   2     11   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         10   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          9   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          8   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   3     15   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         14   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         13   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         12   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   4     19   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         18   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         17   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         16   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   5     23   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         22   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         21   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         20   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   6     27   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         26   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         25   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         24   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   7     31   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         30   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         29   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         28   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   8     35   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         34   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         33   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         32   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

   9     39   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         38   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         37   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         36   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  10     43   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         42   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         41   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         40   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  11     47   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         46   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         45   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         44   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  12     51   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         50   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         49   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         48   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  13     55   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         54   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         53   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         52   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  14     59   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         58   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         57   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         56   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

  15     63   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
         62   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         61   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
         60   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]

Trouble Shooting, jika anda mendapatkan pesan kesalahan seperti MIFARE_Read() failed: Timeout in communication atau PCD_Authenticate() failed: Timeout in communication.

Card UID: 46 74 1E 2B
PICC type: MIFARE 1KB
Authenticating using key A...
Current data in sector:
   1      7   00 00 00 00  00 00 FF 07  80 69 FF FF  FF FF FF FF  [ 0 0 1 ]
          6   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          5   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  [ 0 0 0 ]
          4   01 02 03 04  05 06 07 08  08 09 FF 0B  0C 0D 0E 0F  [ 0 0 0 ]

Reading data from block 4 ...
MIFARE_Read() failed: Timeout in communication.
Data in block 4:
 30 04 26 EE 05 06 07 08 08 09 FF 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F

Authenticating again using key B...
PCD_Authenticate() failed: Timeout in communication.

Jangan kuatir, error tersebut diatas terjadi karena anda mengerakan kartu, atau tag RFID selama dibaca oleh sensor.

Selamat Memcoba.